Qalabka wax lagu shubto waa qaybo aan laga maarmi karin oo ku jira qalabka maaraynta saadka, qalabka caafimaadka, mashiinnada warshadaha, iyo alaabta guriga ee xafiiska. Iyada oo ku saleysan kala duwanaanshaha qaab-dhismeedka, noocyada caadiga ah waxaa si qiyaas ah loogu qaybin karaa "qalabka wax lagu shubto ee nuuga shoogga" iyo "qalabka wax lagu shubto ee leexleexan." Labaduba si weyn ayay ugu kala duwan yihiin qaab-dhismeedka gu'ga, habka wareegga, awoodda culayska, adkaanta dusha sare ee giraangiraha, hababka rakibidda, iyo cabbirro kale. Khaladaadkooda inta lagu jiro xulashada badanaa waxay horseeddaa iska caabin riixitaan oo sare, buuq, burbur dabaqa, ama gariir qalabka. Kuwa soo socdaa waxay si nidaamsan u eegaan labada nooc ee qalabka wax lagu shubto afar aragtiyood: mabaadi'da qaab-dhismeedka, xuduudaha asaasiga ah, xaaladaha caadiga ah, iyo tusmada ereyada muhiimka ah, si ay uga caawiso shaqaalaha soo iibsiga, naqshadeynta, iyo dayactirka inay si dhakhso ah ula jaanqaadaan baahiyahooda.
1. Kala duwanaanshaha Qaab-dhismeedka: Laga bilaabo "Module-ka nuugista Shoogga" ilaa "Hab-ka-wareegga"
1. Qalabka nuuga shoogga
Erayada Muhiimka ah: nuugista shoogga guga, elastomer, bracket-ka nuuga shoogga, lulid qaab-dhismeedka giraangiraha, gasket-ka kaydka ah, iska soo horjeedka, isku-dhafka qoyaanka
Astaamaha ugu muhiimsan waa ku darista module nuugista shoogga oo u dhexeeya bracket-ka iyo qaab-dhismeedka giraangiraha. Xalalka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:
- Biyo-xireenno bir ah: daal u adkaysta, cimri dheer, oo ku habboon xaaladaha gariirka soo noqnoqda badan;
- Elastomers-ka Polyurethane: aan lahayn dayactir, u adkaysta daxalka, oo loo isticmaalo qolal nadiif ah ama deegaan qoyan;
- Isku-darka suufka guga iyo qoyaanka: wuxuu dheellitiraa barkinta iyo nuugista gariirka, oo badanaa loo isticmaalo gaadhiga caafimaadka iyo maaraynta qalabka saxda ah.
Birakeetyada nuuga shoogga waxaa badanaa loo qaabeeyey xagal leexasho ah oo 3°–5° ah. Marka dusha sare ee waddadu aanay sinnayn, birakeetku wuxuu si yar u ruxi karaa si uu u nuugo shoogga una yareeyo xawaaraha ugu sarreeya ee loo gudbiyo jirka gaariga.
2. Qalabka lagu ciyaaro ee loo yaqaan 'Swivel Casters'
Erayada Muhiimka ah: leexashada, kubbadda laalaada, biinka, wadada orodka labanlaab ah, giraanta shaabadda, saxanka sare, jirridda, gacmo ballaarinta, usha dunta leh, qufulka jihada, biriiga buuxa, biriiga dhinaca
Xudunta qaab-dhismeedka waa "habka wareegga," oo ka kooban waddooyinka tartanka sare iyo hoose, kubbadaha, iyo biinka (ama rivet), taasoo awood u siinaysa wareegga toosan ee 360°. Taxanaha heerka sare ah waxay isticmaalaan biinanka saxda ah ee laba-jibbaaran ee tartanka oo leh saliido waara, taasoo u oggolaanaysa wareegga bilowga inuu hoos u dhaco ilaa 0.3 N·m, taasoo u oggolaanaysa isteerinka hal-gacan oo fudud. Si loo xakameeyo lulidda "serpentine" inta lagu jiro dhaqdhaqaaqa xawaaraha sare, moodooyinka qaar waxay bixiyaan shaqooyin "quful jiho" ama "barako buuxa", kuwaas oo xira dusha sare ee wareegga ama giraangiraha iyagoo ku socda baaldi, dheellitirka dabacsanaanta iyo xasilloonida khadka toosan.
2. Diiradda Shaqada: Barkinta iyo Isteerinka
1. Qalabka nuuga shoogga
- Waxay yareysaa dardargelinta gariirka 30%–60%, iyadoo ilaalineysa alaabada xasaasiga ah (galaasyada, qalabka indhaha, daawooyinka silsiladaha qabow);
- Waxay yareysaa buuqa 5–10 dB, taasoo ku habboon deegaannada deggan sida isbitaallada, maktabadaha, iyo hoteellada xiddigaha lagu qiimeeyo;
- Waxay kordhisaa cimriga meelaha iyo boolal-ka lagu xiro gaariga, taasoo hoos u dhigaysa kharashka dayactirka.
Is-weydaarsiga waa koror ku yimaada dhererka qaab-dhismeedka 15-30 mm, adkaanta gu'guna waa inay la mid noqotaa culayska: haddii culaysku aad u fudud yahay, gu'gu ma cadaadin karo, isagoo luminaya nuugista shoogga; haddii uu aad u culus yahay, wuu hoos u dhacayaa, isagoo kordhinaya saameynta.
2. Qalabka lagu ciyaaro ee loo yaqaan 'Swivel Casters'
- Wareegga isteerinka oo hooseeya, oo u oggolaanaya in ballaca marinnada la dhimo 20%, oo ku habboon aqoon-is-weydaarsiyada cidhiidhiga ah, qolalka wiishka, iyo marinnada suuqyada waaweyn;
- Hababka rakibaadda caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah saxanka sare (masaafada godadka afar gees leh ee caadiga ah 45-76 mm), jirrid (dhexroor 20-40 mm), iyo usha dunta leh (M8-M16), taasoo suurtogalinaysa isku xidhka degdega ah ee astaamaha, tuubooyinka birta ah, iyo godadka birta ah ee xaashida ah;
- Badal "biriigu buuxa" ikhtiyaari ah ayaa isku mar xira dusha sare ee taayirada iyo habka wareegga, taasoo ka hortagaysa in gaadhiyada ama foornooyinka warshadaha ay rogmadaan.
Dhibaatadu waa la'aanta qaab-dhismeedka barkinta; haddii sagxaddu ay leedahay kala-goysyo ballaarin ah ama saxan bir ah oo is dulsaaran, jirka gaarigu wuxuu u janjeeraa inuu si joogto ah u gariiro, taasoo sababi karta in boolalku ay dabciyaan ama ay isku xiraan daalka muddada dheer.
3. Qaybaha isku-dhafan: Qalabka rogroga ee nuuga shoogga
Iyada oo la faafiyay agabka dusha sare ee giraangiraha sida polyurethane (PU), caagga thermoplastic (TPR), iyo elastomer-ka nayloon-ka wax laga beddelay, qaab-dhismeed isku-dhafan oo "nuugista shoogga + wareegga" ayaa soo ifbaxay:
- Adkaanta dusha sare ee taayirrada Shore A 65–85, oo si dabiici ah u nuugta gariirro yaryar;
- Birakeetku wali wuu hayaa habka wareegga caadiga ah, isagoo gaaraya isteerinka 360°;
- Aad isugu dhafan, kuma daraan qalab dheeraad ah oo guga ah, dhererka guud wuxuu la mid yahay qalabka caadiga ah ee wareega.
Alaabooyinkan waxaa badanaa lagu calaamadeeyaa "qalabka nuuga shoogga" ama "qalabka elastomer-ka ee wareegaya." Marka ay jiraan xaalado culays ah oo ah 50-200 kg iyo xawaare ≤4 km/saacaddii, waxay beddeli karaan giraangiraha nuuga shoogga ee saafiga ah, taasoo yareynaysa kharashyada guud ahaan 15%-25%.
4. Habka Xulashada: Afar Tallaabo
1. Xaqiiji culayska guud iyo culayska hal taayir
Qaaciddada: Culayska hal taayir = (miisaanka qalabka + miisaanka ugu badan ee xamuulka) × qodobka badbaadada 1.25 / tirada taayirrada. Haddii dabaqa aanu sinnayn, qodobka badbaadada waa in la kordhiyaa ilaa 1.4.
2. Qiimee xaaladaha dabaqa iyo xawaaraha
- Sagxadaha Epoxy, sagxadaha PVC: mudnaanta siiya PU ama TPR, buuq yar iyo sagxad u habboon;
- Kala-goysyada ballaarinta sibidhka, isku-xidhka saxanka birta ah: tixgeli nuugista shoogga guga ama dusha sare ee giraangiraha dabacsan;
- Xawaaraha ka badan 4 km/saacaddii (tusaale ahaan, gaadhiyada jiidista korontada) waxay u baahan yihiin boolal laba jibaaran oo jidka orodka ah, dusha sare ee giraangiraha birta ah, ama PU-ga dib u soo celiya si looga fogaado soo saarista kulaylka iyo kala-goynta.
3. Go'aami habka rakibidda iyo kala fogaanshaha godka
Meelaha daloolada saxanka sare ee 45×45 mm, 50×50 mm, 58×58 mm, 72×72 mm waa taxane caadi ah oo Yurub ah; dhererka jirridda 50–100 mm waa inay la mid noqdaan dhumucda derbiga tuubada; qeexitaannada usha dunta leh waa in laga hubiyaa dhumucda saxanka birta ah ee gaariga iyo booska alxanka lowska.
4. Qalabka waxqabadka leh
- Quful jiho ah: riixitaan toosan oo masaafo dheer ah, wuxuu yareeyaa lulid;
- Biriijka/bareegga dhinac oo buuxa: wuxuu ka hortagaa inuu ku rogrogo meelaha dhaadheer;
- Daboolka boodhka: Waxay ka hortagtaa timaha iyo boorka inay soo galaan tartanka warshadaha cuntada iyo dawooyinka;
- Giraangiraha gudbiya: Iska caabin ≤10⁴ Ω, oo loo isticmaalo aqoon-is-weydaarsiyada isu-imaatinka elektaroonigga ah si looga hortago ururinta joogtada ah.
5. Dayactirka iyo Cimriga
- Saliidayn: Ku buuxi dufanka lithium-ka ku salaysan lixdii biloodba mar ama 500 km; ku soo gaabi 3 bilood meelaha ay boodhka badan ku badan yahay;
- Kormeerka: Hubi haddii xirashada dusha sare ee taayirku ay siman tahay; xirashada aan sinnayn waxay muujinaysaa qaab-dhismeedka biriishka ama culayska xad-dhaafka ah;
- Adkeynta: Ka dib marka ugu horreysa ee la buuxiyo taayirada cusub ee la rakibay, dib u adkee boolal-ka rakibaadda si looga hortago dabacsanaan sababtoo ah "dejinta";
- Beddelka: Marka dusha sare ee taayirku ay hoos u dhacdo 3% dhexroorka ama ay muujiso dildilaac caag ah ama kala-goyn PU ah, beddel taayir dhan si looga fogaado dhaawaca tooska ah ee sita.
6. Shaxda Tixraaca Degdegga ah ee Erayada Muhiimka ah
Tuubbooyinka nuuga shoogga: boodhadhka guga, nuugista shoogga laastikada ah, tuubbooyinka kaydka ah, tuubbooyinka caafimaadka, tuubbooyinka aamusan, taayirrada go'doominta gariirka, biraha leexashada, isku-dhafka qoyaanka, yareynta gariirka
Tuubooyinka wareega: tuubooyinka wareega, tuubooyinka wareega, tuubooyinka saxanka sare, tuubooyinka asliga ah, taayirada wareega oo si buuxda loo gooyay, qufulo jiho ah, waddooyin orod oo labanlaab ah, tuubbooyinka kubbadda, qaab-dhismeedka Kingpin
Xuduudaha guud: awoodda rarka, dhexroorka giraangiraha, ballaca giraangiraha, dhererka rakibidda, gacanka leexashada, wareegga bilowga, habka bareegga, adkaanta dusha sare ee giraangiraha, nooca sitaha, heerkulka hawlgalka, gudbiyaha/ka-hortagga-istaaga, RoHS, REACH
Gunaanad
"Nooca shoogga" iyo "wareejinta" maaha fikrado iska soo horjeeda laakiin waa xalal qaabdhismeed oo wax ka qabanaya dhibaadaha kala duwan ee xanuunka. Haddii xaaladda shaqadu ay xasaasi u tahay gariirka, mudnaanta siiya qiimaynta nuugista shoogga guga ama dusha sare ee giraangiraha dabacsanaanta sare leh; haddii marinku cidhiidhi yahay oo loo baahan yahay leexasho joogto ah, dooro qalabka rogrogmada oo leh hawlo wareeg iyo bareeg dabacsan. Caddee saddexda doorsoome ee asaasiga ah ee culayska, dabaqa, iyo xawaaraha, ka dibna isbarbardhig qaab-dhismeedka qaybta, walxaha dusha sare ee giraangiraha, cabbirka rakibaadda, iyo agabka shaqaynta si aad si sax ah uga doorato qalabka tuurista ugu habboon kumanaan SKUs ah, isku dheelitirka kharashka, cimriga, iyo khibradda isticmaalaha.
Waqtiga boostada: Sebtembar-13-2025
